Hauora Māori — Addressing Chronic Disease Burden

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• Avoid monocausal explanations: the disparity compounds colonisation and land alienation, historical under-investment, institutional racism (later diagnosis, less treatment), poor access to healthy food, overcrowded housing and low workforce diversity; lifestyle alone is inadequate and inaccurate.
• Use the social determinants framework: income, education, housing, employment, transport and access to quality services drive outcomes more than individual behaviour, and Māori face structural disadvantage across most of them.
• Name interventions at every level: culturally safe care with early screening for whānau at risk; Māori-led kaupapa Māori services, rongoā Māori and community health workers; and Māori governance over commissioning, ethnicity data, equity-adjusted funding, MAPAS and Māori workforce growth.