The words to use
- Gillick competence
- An under-16 with enough understanding and intelligence to make up their own mind about a particular treatment can consent to it without a parent (House of Lords, 1985).
- Fraser guidelines
- Criteria from the same case for giving contraceptive advice to an under-16 without parental knowledge. They apply only to contraception and sexual health, never as a general test.
- Best interests
- The basis for any decision made for an adult who lacks capacity (Mental Capacity Act, section 4): weigh their wishes, beliefs and values, and consult carers and any attorney.
- Lasting power of attorney
- A legal document letting a chosen person make health and welfare decisions once someone lacks capacity. Without one, next of kin cannot consent for an adult.
- Parental responsibility
- The legal status that lets an adult consent for a child (Children Act 1989). Each holder can usually act alone, so one parent's consent is normally enough.
